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Enterobacteriaceae and the CTX-M extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (CTX-M ESBLs): What we should know?

ABBASSI Mohamed Salah

Enterobacteriaceae are a common source of both community- and hospital-acquired infections. They frequently cause several diseases such as urinary tract, cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, peritonitis, septicemia, meningitis and infections associated with prosthetic devices such as catheters. Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae, are the most important pathogens of this family. Infections caused by many genera and species of Enterobacteriaceae family are mainly treated by betalactam, aminoglycoside and quinolone-antibiotics. However, resistance to these antibiotics has been increasingly reported and high rates of resistance are becoming worrisome in many countries. In addition, multidrug resistant enterobacteria have been increasingly reported in hospital setting, which reduce therapeutic choice for the treatment of infections caused by the aforementioned species.