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From rocks to rich soil: The processes and phases of soil formation.

ngrid Hung*

Soil formation is a complex and dynamic process that occurs over a long period of time. It is the result of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes that transform rock and mineral materials into the fertile and nutrient-rich soil that supports plant growth and sustains life on Earth. Understanding the processes and factors that contribute to soil formation is essential for farmers, gardeners, and land managers to optimize soil fertility and productivity