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Role of hydrolytic enzymes cellulase and xylanase in second generation biofuel production

Nivedita Sharma

Nonrenewable fossil fuels and their serious environmental impact have forced to develop renewable and sustainable energy sources. In this scenario, hydrolytic enzymes have found extensive applications in the biofuel industries. Application of microbial enzymes for pretreatment of lignocellulosic material is currently earning a huge attention of the industry. This is a result of growing interest about depletion of fossil fuel resources in the world which have inspired the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass through enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the best options as a low-cost, readily available and eco-friendly raw material. Cellulose is forming lignocellulose in combination with hemicellulose and lignin which finally becomes a compact network structure. Moreover, it has a crystalline structure which is hard to break down as well as insoluble in water and causes limitations in hydrolysis.