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Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Parmotrema reticulatum obtained from eastern ghats, Southern India

Ayyappadasan Ganesan, Madhupreetha Thangapandian, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Jeya Prakash Sundararaj

Lichens are the result of beneficial association of both algae and fungi and have various uses in the field of biomedical application. It can able to grow in the different climatic conditions with slow growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Parmotrema reticulatum obtained from Yercaud hills of southern India. P. reticulatum was extracted with different solvents such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, acetone and water based on their polarity. Then, it was subjected to antioxidant assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP). The lichen species exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 19 μg/ml of DPPH and a higher absorbance value of 0.643 ± 0.003 for FRAP assay. A better pathogenic control was observed in acetone extracts with a 22 mm zone of inhibition for both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, 15 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 14.33 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia. On the contrary, water extracts showed less inhibition activity against human pathogens. The methanolic extracts of P. reticulatum exhibited better activity for antioxidant studies. It may be the presence of bioactive compounds which leads to scavenging the free radicals.