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Sleep disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Does vitamin D have roles on sleep disorders and metabolic parameters?

Dilek Oztas, Ugur Bilge, Ahmet Keskin, Pinar Yildiz, Seda Kilic, Engin Burak Selcuk, Muzaffer Bilgin

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency, and sleep disorders and to determine the effects of VD on diabetic parameters (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid parameters) with sleep disorders in a diabetic population.

Materials and Methods: This study was performed on data gathered from patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) referred to outpatient clinics of family medicine between May and October 2014. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Berlin Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to determine the frequency of sleep disorders and 25OH VD levels were obtained.

Results: A total of 452 subjects (148 males, 304 females and mean age of 56.19 ± 11.98 y) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were admitted to study. Patients who were having insulin therapy had significantly lower 25VD levels, in comparison with other diabetic patients. 25VD levels were significantly low in the group, in which HbA1C levels were over the target value of 6.5%. We found negative and significant correlations between 25VD levels and Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores. According to BQ results, 25VD levels were significantly low in “high risk” group.

Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in metabolic control of type 2 DM and effects sleep quality in such population. Having vitamin D deficiency or sleep disorder can negatively affect the metabolic control of DM and when such disorders come together in diabetic population. Its negative effect can be more powerful than expected.